import numpy as np
from lenstronomy.SimulationAPI.observation_api import SingleBand
import lenstronomy.Util.data_util as data_util
__all__ = ['get_noise_sigma2_lenstronomy', 'NoiseModelNumpy']
[docs]def get_noise_sigma2_lenstronomy(img, pixel_scale, exposure_time, magnitude_zero_point, read_noise=None, ccd_gain=None, sky_brightness=None, seeing=None, num_exposures=1, psf_type='GAUSSIAN', kernel_point_source=None, truncation=5, data_count_unit='ADU', background_noise=None):
"""Get the variance of sky, readout, and Poisson flux noise sources using lenstronomy
Parameters
----------
img : 2D numpy array
image on which the noise will be evaluated
pixel_scale : float
pixel scale in arcsec/pixel
exposure_time : float
exposure time per image in seconds
magnitude_zero_point : float
magnitude at which 1 count per second per arcsecond square is registered
read_noise : float
std of noise generated by readout (in units of electrons)
ccd_gain : float
electrons/ADU (analog-to-digital unit). A gain of 8 means that the camera digitizes the CCD signal so that each ADU corresponds to 8 photoelectrons
sky_brightness : float
sky brightness (in magnitude per square arcsec)
seeing : float
fwhm of PSF
num_exposures : float
number of exposures that are combined
psf_type : str
type of PSF ('GAUSSIAN' and 'PIXEL' supported)
kernel_point_source : 2d numpy array
model of PSF centered with odd number of pixels per axis(optional when psf_type='PIXEL' is chosen)
truncation : float
Gaussian truncation (in units of sigma), only required for 'GAUSSIAN' model
data_count_unit : str
unit of the data (and other properties), 'e-': (electrons assumed to be IID), 'ADU': (analog-to-digital unit)
background_noise : float
sqrt(variance of background) as a total contribution from read noise, sky brightness, etc. in units of the data_count_units
If you set this parameter, it will override read_noise, sky_brightness. Default: None
Returns
-------
dict
variance in the poisson, sky, and readout noise sources
"""
single_band = SingleBand(pixel_scale, exposure_time, magnitude_zero_point, read_noise=read_noise, ccd_gain=ccd_gain, sky_brightness=sky_brightness, seeing=seeing, num_exposures=num_exposures, psf_type=psf_type, kernel_point_source=kernel_point_source, truncation=truncation, data_count_unit=data_count_unit, background_noise=background_noise)
noise_sigma2 = {}
poisson = single_band.flux_noise(img)**2.0
exposure_time_tot = single_band._num_exposures * single_band._exposure_time
readout_noise_tot = single_band._num_exposures * single_band._read_noise**2.0
sky_per_pixel = single_band._sky_brightness_cps * single_band.pixel_scale ** 2
sky = sky_per_pixel**2.0/exposure_time_tot
readout = readout_noise_tot / exposure_time_tot**2.0
sky_plus_readout = single_band.background_noise**2.0
if data_count_unit == 'ADU':
sky /= ccd_gain**2.0 # squared because sky here is noise variance, not std
readout /= ccd_gain**2.0
noise_sigma2['poisson'] = poisson
noise_sigma2['sky'] = sky
noise_sigma2['readout'] = readout
noise_sigma2['sky_plus_readout'] = sky_plus_readout
return noise_sigma2
[docs]class NoiseModelNumpy:
"""A combination of sky, readout, and Poisson flux noise to be added to the image
Note
----
This is a wrapper around the functionality provided by the `SingleBand` class in lenstronomy.
"""
def __init__(self, pixel_scale, exposure_time, magnitude_zero_point, read_noise=None, ccd_gain=None, sky_brightness=None, seeing=None, num_exposures=1, psf_type='GAUSSIAN', kernel_point_source=None, truncation=5, data_count_unit='ADU', background_noise=None):
"""
Parameters
----------
pixel_scale : float
pixel scale in arcsec/pixel
exposure_time : float
exposure time per image in seconds
magnitude_zero_point : float
magnitude at which 1 count per second per arcsecond square is registered
read_noise : float
std of noise generated by readout (in units of electrons)
ccd_gain : float
electrons/ADU (analog-to-digital unit). A gain of 8 means that the camera digitizes the CCD signal so that each ADU corresponds to 8 photoelectrons
sky_brightness : float
sky brightness (in magnitude per square arcsec)
seeing : float
fwhm of PSF
num_exposures : float
number of exposures that are combined
psf_type : str
type of PSF ('GAUSSIAN' and 'PIXEL' supported)
kernel_point_source : 2d numpy array
model of PSF centered with odd number of pixels per axis(optional when psf_type='PIXEL' is chosen)
truncation : float
Gaussian truncation (in units of sigma), only required for 'GAUSSIAN' model
data_count_unit : str
unit of the data (and other properties), 'e-': (electrons assumed to be IID), 'ADU': (analog-to-digital unit)
background_noise : float
sqrt(variance of background) as a total contribution from read noise, sky brightness, etc. in units of the data_count_units
If you set this parameter, it will override readout_noise, sky_brightness. Default: None
"""
self.pixel_scale = pixel_scale
self.exposure_time = exposure_time
self.magnitude_zero_point = magnitude_zero_point
self.ccd_gain = ccd_gain
self.sky_brightness = sky_brightness
self.seeing = seeing
self.num_exposures = num_exposures
self.psf_type = psf_type
self.kernel_point_source = kernel_point_source
self.truncation = truncation
self.data_count_unit = data_count_unit
self.background_noise = background_noise
#FIXME: seeing, psf_type, kernel_point_source, and truncation do not seem to be used at all.
if self.background_noise is None:
self.readout_noise = read_noise
if self.data_count_unit == 'ADU':
self.readout_noise /= self.ccd_gain
self.sky_brightness = data_util.magnitude2cps(self.sky_brightness, self.magnitude_zero_point)
if self.data_count_unit == 'ADU':
self.sky_brightness /= self.ccd_gain
self.exposure_time_tot = self.num_exposures * self.exposure_time
self.readout_noise_tot = self.num_exposures * self.readout_noise**2.0
self.sky_per_pixel = self.sky_brightness * pixel_scale**2.0
self.get_background_noise_sigma2 = getattr(self, 'get_background_noise_sigma2_composite') if self.background_noise is None else getattr(self, 'get_background_noise_sigma2_simple')
# For Poisson noise
self.scaled_exposure_time = self.exposure_time_tot
if self.data_count_unit == 'ADU':
self.scaled_exposure_time *= self.ccd_gain
[docs] def get_sky_noise_sigma2(self):
"""Compute the variance in sky noise
Returns
-------
float
variance of the sky noise, in cps^2
"""
return self.sky_per_pixel**2.0 / self.exposure_time_tot
[docs] def get_readout_noise_sigma2(self):
"""Compute the variance in readout noise
Returns
-------
float
variance of the readout noise, in cps^2
"""
return self.readout_noise_tot / self.exposure_time_tot**2.0
[docs] def get_background_noise_sigma2_simple(self):
"""Get the variance in background noise from the specified estimate of the background noise, rather than computing it from the sky brightness and read noise
Returns
-------
float
variance of the background noise, in cps^2
"""
return self.background_noise**2.0
[docs] def get_background_noise_sigma2_composite(self):
"""Get the variance in background noise from the sky brightness and read noise
Returns
-------
float
variance of the background noise, in cps^2
"""
return self.get_sky_noise_sigma2() + self.get_readout_noise_sigma2()
[docs] def get_poisson_noise_sigma2(self, img):
"""Get the variance in Poisson flux noise from the image
Parameters
----------
img : 2D np.array
the image of flux values in cps on which to evaluate the noise
Returns
-------
float
variance of the Poisson flux noise, in cps^2
"""
return np.maximum(img, np.zeros_like(img))/self.scaled_exposure_time
[docs] def get_noise_sigma2(self, img):
"""Get the variance of total noise due to the combined effects of sky, readout, and Poisson flux noise
Parameters
----------
img : 2D np.array
the image of flux values in cps on which to evaluate the noise
Returns
-------
2D np.array
variance of total noise, in cps^2
"""
return self.get_background_noise_sigma2() + self.get_poisson_noise_sigma2(img)
[docs] def get_noise_map(self, img):
"""Get the total random noise map due to the combined effects of sky, readout, and Poisson flux noise
Parameters
----------
img : 2D np.array
the image of flux values in cps on which to evaluate the noise
Returns
-------
2D np.array
the noise map in cps
"""
return np.random.randn(*img.shape)*self.get_noise_sigma2(img)**0.5